conservatism

Not a clear cut philosophy but a set of beliefs which, in general, tend to support (1) free enterprise capitalism, (2) continuation of traditions, (3) minimal government intervention in economy, (4) strict law and order enforcement, and (5) gradual change as opposed to radical reform. Conservatism evolved during 1750 and 1850, a period of upheaval in Western societies, beginning with the idea of enlightenment and French Revolution (1789) and continuing with the industrial revolution. It has a non-doctrinaire approach and pragmatic outlook but has opposed many progressive ideas such as universal adult suffrage (specially for women), emancipation of slaves, and religious freedom. Its foundations were laid by the Irish politician Edmund Burke (1729-1797), author of the 1770 book 'Thoughts On The Present Discontents.' The UK's right-wing critic Roger Scruton (1944-), author of the 1984 book 'The Meaning Of Conservatism,' is its modern day theorist. See also individualism.