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independent variable

Definition

Factor or phenomenon that causes or influences another associated factor or phenomenon called dependent variable. For example, income is an independent variable because it causes and influences another variable—consumption. In a mathematical equation or model, it is that variable whose value is given. In an experiment, it is the controlled condition (that is allowed to change in a systematic manner) whose effect on the behavior of a dependent variable is studied. Also called controlled variable, explanatory variable, or predictor variable.

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