normalization

1. Statistics: Standardization of data obtained from different sources at different periods, through peer review or comparison against the objectives of data collection.

2. Database programming: Process of reducing a complex data structure into its simplest and most stable form by eliminating redundant attributes, keys, and relationships.

3. Metallurgy: Treatment process in which a metal is heated to a particular temperature (800°C to 900°C for steels) and then cooled in a particular manner to relieve internal stresses, refine the grain size, and improve the mechanical properties.