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reserve requirements

Definition

Minimum amount of cash or cash-equivalents (computed as a percentage of deposits) that banks and other depository institutions (credit unions, insurance companies) are required by law to keep on hand, and which may not be used for lending or investing. Reserve requirements serve as (1) a safeguard against a sudden and inordinate demand for withdrawals (as in a run on a bank), and (2) as a control mechanism for injecting cash (liquidity) into, or withdrawing it from, an economy.

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